芳草苑

Tag: fedora

  • Reboot is still the best remedy in Linux

    Long time ago, I read an article about moving from Windows to Linux, the top differences a system administrator should keep in mind. I still remember one of the difference is reboot in Linux does not cure the problem as it does for Windows in 99% occasions.

    However, today I tried to fix a problem after I manually compiled php 5.2.9 (phpMyAdmin stop working, server response 500 error). I lack of knowledge of configure, make install, so I decided to remove php 5.2.9 and reverse to php 5.2.6 came with Fedora. I like yum install. Yum make my life so easy and it can also install packages perfect for me.

    php 5.2.9 executables was installed to /usr/local/bin (as php’s default), but php 5.2.6 was installed to /usr/bin (as fedora yum default). After I yum reinstalled php 5.2.6, I found

    If I typed “php-cgi -v”, Fedora could find php-cgi in /usr/bin
    If I typed “php -v”, Fedora still looked for php in /usr/local/bin

    I did not know why Fedora behave so strangely. After hours trying to correct Fedora mis-behavior without success, I reboot Fedora hopelessly. Then what? Fedora now is willing to load php executable in /usr/bin.

  • Install php-fpm on Fedora

    Use fedora yum install to install php is very easy. But, there is no yum install available to install php-fpm. I have to download php source and compile it from source.

    I do not know why Fedora configures its php this way, but it works fine for me. So I want to configure my php source the same way as Fedora did. I only add –enable-fpm to the configure.

    ./configure --build=i386-redhat-linux-gnu --host=i386-redhat-linux-gnu --target=i386-redhat-linux-gnu --program-prefix= --prefix=/usr --exec-prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --sbindir=/usr/sbin --sysconfdir=/etc --datadir=/usr/share --includedir=/usr/include --libdir=/usr/lib --libexecdir=/usr/libexec --localstatedir=/var --sharedstatedir=/usr/com --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --cache-file=../config.cache --with-libdir=lib --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --disable-debug --with-pic --disable-rpath --without-pear --with-bz2 --with-curl --with-exec-dir=/usr/bin --with-freetype-dir=/usr --with-png-dir=/usr --with-xpm-dir=/usr --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-t1lib=/usr --without-gdbm --with-gettext --with-gmp --with-iconv --with-jpeg-dir=/usr --with-openssl --with-png --with-expat-dir=/usr --with-pcre-regex=/usr --with-zlib --with-layout=GNU --enable-exif --enable-ftp --enable-magic-quotes --enable-sockets --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-sysvmsg --enable-track-vars --enable-trans-sid --enable-yp --enable-wddx --with-kerberos --enable-ucd-snmp-hack --with-unixODBC=shared,/usr --enable-memory-limit --enable-shmop --enable-calendar --enable-dbx --enable-dio --without-mime-magic --without-sqlite --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-xml --with-system-tzdata --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-pcntl --with-imap=shared --with-imap-ssl --enable-mbstring=shared --enable-mbstr-enc-trans --enable-mbregex --with-ncurses=shared --with-gd=shared --enable-bcmath=shared --enable-dba=shared --with-db4=/usr --with-xmlrpc=shared --with-ldap=shared --with-ldap-sasl --with-mysql=shared,/usr --with-mysqli=shared,/usr/bin/mysql_config --enable-dom=shared --with-dom-xslt=/usr --with-dom-exslt=/usr --with-pgsql=shared --with-snmp=shared,/usr --enable-soap=shared --with-xsl=shared,/usr --enable-xmlreader=shared --enable-xmlwriter=shared --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-pdo=shared --with-pdo-odbc=shared,unixODBC,/usr --with-pdo-mysql=shared,/usr --with-pdo-pgsql=shared,/usr --with-pdo-sqlite=shared,/usr --enable-json=shared --enable-zip=shared --with-readline --enable-dbase=shared --with-pspell=shared --with-mcrypt=shared,/usr --with-mhash=shared,/usr --with-tidy=shared,/usr --with-mssql=shared,/usr

    I had several errors when run ./configure

    checking for BZip2 in default path… not found
    configure: error: Please reinstall the BZip2 distribution
    solution: yum install bzip-devel bzip-libs

    configure: error: DBA: Could not find necessary header file(s).
    solution: yum install gdbm-devel
    Well, someone suggests that, I did that, but error still exists. Then under my own decision, I run
    yum install php-dba
    Error still exists.
    yum install qdbm*
    Error still exists.
    yum install db4*
    Pass!

    configure: error: libjpeg.(a|so) not found.
    solution: yum install libjpeg libjpeg-devel

    Configure: error: libpng.(also) not found.
    solution: yum install libpng libpng-devel

    configure: error: libXpm.(a|so) not found.
    solution: yum install libXpm*

    Configure: error: freetype.h not found.
    solution: yum install freetype-devel

    configure: error: Unable to locate gmp.h
    solution: yum install mysql-devel

    configure: error: utf8_mime2text() has new signature, but U8T_CANONICAL is missing. This should not happen. Check config.log for additional information.
    solution: yum install libc-client-devel

    configure: error: Cannot find ldap.h
    solution: yum install openldap-devel

    configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.
    solution: yum install libmcrypt-devel

    configure: error: Please reinstall libmhash – I cannot find mhash.h
    solution: yum install mhash-devel

    configure: error: Directory /usr is not a FreeTDS installation directory
    solution: yum install freetds-devel

    Configure: error: Please reinstall the ncurses distribution
    solution: yum install ncurses-devel

    checking for unixODBC support… configure: error: ODBC header file ‘/usr/include/sqlext.h’ not found!
    solution: yum install unixODBC-devel

    configure: error: Cannot find libpq-fe.h. Please specify correct PostgreSQL installation path
    solution: yum install postgresql-devel

    configure: error: Please reinstall the sqlite3 distribution
    solution: yun install sqlite-devel

    Configure: error: Cannot find pspell
    solution: yum install pspell-devel

    configure: error: Please reinstall readline – I cannot find readline.h
    solution: yum install readline-devel

    configure: error: SNMP sanity check failed. Please check config.log for more information.
    solution: yum install net-snmp-devel

    configure: error: Cannot find libtidy
    solution: yum install libtidy-devel

    configure: error: xslt-config not found. Please reinstall the libxslt >= 1.1.0 distribution
    solution: yum install libxslt-devel

  • CentOS Debian Fedora FreeBSD Ubuntu Comparison

    我还远没有资格做评测，CentOS Debian Fedora FreeBSD Ubuntu 里，除了用过 Fedora，其他的都没试用过。还有一些 linux distribution 有些近期不够活跃，有些在开源路线上不够明朗，对从零学起的用户来说，还是不用考虑把它们也加进 shortlist，就这些主流的 linux distribution 都已很让人困惑，该怎么选择？

    总的来说，选择谁都没有错，殊途同归。但可能这样的回答不会让人满意，那么根据我的研究结果，我用最短的词语来概括 CentOS Debian Fedora FreeBSD Ubuntu 特点，希望有助大家选择。

    • CentOS: 保证兼容（如果以后想买 redhat 其他产品的话）
    • Debian: 承诺免费（不用担心开发者日后见利起意）
    • Fedora: 技术追新（新版本的组件首先在 Fedora 实现，隔好久才能在 redhat 其他产品上见到）
    • FreeBSD: 发布活跃（相对Debian而言）
    • Ubuntu: 面向桌面（虽然近来在服务器领域日渐流行，但它毕竟是针对 laptop 和 desktop 设计的）

  • I am with Fedora

    今天 Fedora 11 alpha 发布了。Fedora 10 我还没摸熟呢，Fedora 11 就来了，真让我高兴之中疲于奔命。

    无意中还发现 drupal, mediawiki, planet, wordpress 都包含在 Fedora 发行包中，这是不是跟 Fedora Project 自身使用了这几种技术有关？我的意思是：为什么不包含别的 packages，比如 magento, joomla, etc?

    Fedora 倡导的东西咱就支持一下。不管有用没有，咱全安装了（也就 drupal 暂时派不上用场）。

  • My very first time setting up a perfect Fedora server

    说来惭愧，我虽然知道 Linux 是王道，但迄今学得支离破碎，平时会用 SSH 玩几个 command line，一直没有亲密接触 Linux。今天终于有机会（需要静下心做这件事）开始安装 Fedora，我的目标是在 Vmware server 里安装 Fedora server，为 LAN 用户提供更多更快更稳定的应用。具体点讲，这台Fedora server将兼任

    1. DNS server
    2. Apache http / https server
    3. Ftp / Sftp server
    4. Mysql server
    5. Svn server
    6. Samba server

    我的环境是 Windows XP Host 下的 Vmware Server 2.0.0，用Fedora Live CD 安装 Fedora 10。安装过程中遇到的问题和解决方案都记录在此。

    我碰到的第一个问题：无法在Fedora guest OS 里安装 Vmware Tools。

    原因：need to install the kernel-source, kernel-devel, kernel-headers packages that matches your running kernel version

    解决办法：root 用户运行yum install kernel-devel kernel-header

    第二个问题：在运行yum install kernel-devel kernel-header。
    企图解决上一个问题时提示“Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=fedora-10&arch=i386”

    原因：Fedora DNS解析出错（这时 Fedora 虚拟网卡运行在 Bridge 模式，Fedora Firefox 已经可以访问 internet，DNS 解析出错的原因不明）

    解决办法：在/etc/hosts文件里加入手动解析80.239.156.215        mirrors.fedoraproject.org

    第三个问题：如何让 host OS 访问到 guest OS 的服务。

    解决办法：Fedora 虚拟网卡不可运行于 Bridge 模式，需改为 NAT 模式。Vmware server 修改 guest hardware 后必须重启 guest OS，然后 enable Fedora firewall 对应的端口。

    第四个问题：Vmware 充当 DHCP 服务器，如何得知 Fedora IP address。

    解决办法：运行 ifconfig (看仔细了，是 ifconfig，不是 ipconfig）。

    第五个问题：如何加载 .iso 文件。

    解决办法：GNOME 里双击 .iso 文件，太简单了（我老拿 Windows 的思维办事，很不好）。

    第六个问题：安装 ISPConfig 3.0 时运行rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY*
    提示 “import failed”    。

    原因：不明，大概是gpg key无效。

    解决办法：不用管它，继续执行 ISPConfig 安装命令，最后 ISPConfig 同样能成功安装。

    第七个问题：无法在 Fedora 10 上安装 ISPConfig 3.0。提示错误：

    PHP Notice:  Undefined variable: distver in /tmp/trunk/install/lib/install.lib.php on line 120
    PHP Notice:  Undefined variable: distid in /tmp/trunk/install/lib/install.lib.php on line 120
    PHP Notice:  Undefined variable: distbaseid in /tmp/trunk/install/lib/install.lib.php on line 120
    Linux Distribution or Version not recognized.

    原因：Fedora 10 新鲜出炉，ISPConfig developers 还没回过神来。

    解决办法：自己动手做点小修改就可以了。目前 ISPConfig 能认出 Fedora 9，那就让它认为这是 Fedora 9 的环境。可以修改 Fedora /etc/redhat-release 文件，把其内容改为 Fedora release 9 (Sulphur)。但这不是好办法，有可能影响其它软件正确识别 OS 版本。另个办法是修改 ISPConfig install/lib/install.lib.php 文件，在 line 99-105 找到

    
if(stristr($content,'Fedora release 9 (Sulphur)')) {
	$distname = 'Fedora';
	$distver = '9';
	$distid = 'fedora9';
	$distbaseid = 'fedora';
	swriteln("Operating System: Fedora 9 or compatible\n");
}

    

    改为
    

    
if (stristr($content, 'Fedora release 10 (Cambridge)')) {
	$distname = 'Fedora';
	$distver = '9';
	$distid = 'fedora9';
	$distbaseid = 'fedora';
	swriteln("Operating System: Fedora 10 or compatible\n");
}

elseif (stristr($content, 'Fedora release 9 (Sulphur)')) {
	$distname = 'Fedora';
	$distver = '9';
	$distid = 'fedora9';
	$distbaseid = 'fedora';
	swriteln("Operating System: Fedora 9 or compatible\n");
}


    

    第八个问题：在安装 samba + openldap 过程中，执行 ldapadd 命令时提示“Bash: ldapadd: command not found”。
    

    原因：缺少 ldapadd 文件。
    

    解决办法：有人说要装 ldap-utils package，但这不适用于 Fedora。我用了 yum install samba-client。
    

    第九个问题：/etc/init.d/sshd restart 时出错，提示
    

    compileuser is not in the sudoers file.  This incident will be reported.
    

    解决办法：
    
visodu
    
compileuser   ALL=(ALL)       ALL
    

    第十个问题：/usr/bin/freshclam 出错，提示
    

    ERROR: Please edit the example config file /etc/freshclam.conf.
    
ERROR: Can’t parse the config file /etc/clamd.conf
    

    解决办法：
    
/etc/freshclam.conf
    
comment a line “Example”

  • Fedora services command line restart

    To restart some services of Fedora linux using command line –

    apache: /etc/init.d/httpd restart
    named: /etc/init.d/named restart
    mysql: /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

    To turn on and off firewall –

    off: /etc/init.d/iptables save
    /etc/init.d/iptables stop

    on: /etc/init.d/iptables start

  • Open Source with Commercial Quality Assurance

    我在VMWare Server下装linux，屡装不成，令人气馁。

    很早就想装个Fedora，因为Godaddy给我的服务器用的就是Fedora， 一直很稳定，所以我想桌面上也装Fedora，可以多了解Fedora习性，从而多了解我的Fedora Server。从Fedora 6开始，我就尝试着在VMWare里安装。结果Fedora 6没能装上VMWare Tools，我没怎么用。Fedora 7根本就安装不成，症状是找不到VMWare默认的SCSI硬盘；我按别人的推荐换上了IDE硬盘，但更糟，安装一开始加载驱动就死在那里；又有别人建议在虚拟机里安装linux要安装到物理硬盘，那要虚拟机来干嘛？我怕麻烦，不想试下去了。现在Fedora 8也有了，Fedora 9 Alpha也有了，我正在下载。如果最新版的Fedora再装不成，那我彻底对Fedora失望了。

    回想Windows在VMWare下安装很顺利，Redhat Linux安装也没碰到问题，SCSI或IDE硬盘种类选什么都可以，同是Redhat公司推出的开源版本Fedora就这么折腾人？我不怀疑满足特定硬件要求的Fedora可以跑得很稳定，就如你正看着的blog用的server，但Fedora的兼容性实在不能恭维。其实Fedora不是一个特例，我在VMWare试装好几个基于linux的LiveCD，一个没成。如果哪一天真要启用这些开源产品，那我还得花钱买Commercial Support，这样，开源的优势就抵消了很多。

    综上，既是开源，又有达到商业级的质量保障（这里我主要指兼容性好，让用户省心），才是我希望见到的软件。