打开文件进行编辑或其他操作后，有时会留下一些临时文件。按理只有非正常中止会留下临时文件，但有时即使正常退出仍在硬盘上留下一堆垃圾，可能某些编辑器有 bug。
不过，清理临时文件也不费力，找准文件名特征可以一次性删除它们。
find /var/www -name ".goutputstream-*" -exec rm -rf {} \;
据说 .goutputstream-* 是 GNOME 拷贝粘帖文件时的临时文件。
find /var/www -name ".tmp*~" -exec rm -rf {} \;
.tmp*~ 是 Text Editor 编辑时的临时文件。
保持良好的习惯，不要用 root 身份去执行此类操作，执行前也要再三检查查找起始位置是否正确。
为什么不要在 Magento 下使用过高像素的图片？其实这个命题跟 Magento 没有多大关系——任何网站都不要使用超过实际需要尺寸的图片。
只是 Magento 强大的图片处理机制容易让人产生惰性：如今买个相机动辄 10m pixels，拍完照一上传，只要 php.ini 允许足够大的值，Magento 也认可，但是，如果你真的这么做了，至少有这几点不良后果：
作为最佳实践，图片处理不应该依赖于 online resizing。我想 Magento 在管理图片上，也可以更周到一些，适当时提示说，“照片太大，需要缩小保存吗（不保存原图）？”。
我时不时需要在测试服务器上加载生产服务器的实时数据，以前都是把数据下载到本地的测试服务器后，手工键入一些命令完成数据加载，每次都要花费几分钟时间。为了避免一再“浪费”这几分钟，我今天一次性投入了几小时完成了一个 php 脚本。虽然这是为 magento 的数据迁移而写的脚本，但我写完一看，用在其他地方也是可以的。
为了安全起见，该脚本是用 php 命令行运行的，所有输出针对 terminal 美化，不是 browser。保存源码为 data_mover.php，同一目录下要有 mysqldump 得到的经 gzip 的 sql 文件，文件名以 FILENAME_PREFIX 开头，以 .sql.gz 结尾。启动时只需键入
/path/to/php -f data_mover.php
即可。
初始化 PDO 对象时，按理只需要 host=localhost，不需要 unix_socket=MYSQL_SOCKET。但奇怪的是，如果通过 apache 调用本程序（虽然不是本程序的初衷，但我希望它在浏览器下也能运行），仅指定 host=localhost 作 PDO __construct() 参数，会产生一个莫名其妙的错误：
SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’ (2)
似乎是 PDO bug。可以通过 host=127.0.0.1 或者追加 unix_socket=MYSQL_SOCKET 来避免。如果通过 php 命令行启动则没有这个问题。
而后，还涉及怎么删除所有数据表的问题。看似简单的一个问题，我发现 mysql 竟然没有一个类似于 DROP/TRUNCATE TABLE * 单行命令。于是除了本脚本用的方法外，我还想了不下两种办法：
其一，删掉整个数据库重新创建。
mysqladmin -f -h localhost -u (DB_ROOT_USERNAME) -p(DB_ROOT_PASSWORD) drop (DB_NAME)
mysqladmin -h localhost -u (DB_ROOT_USERNAME) -p(DB_ROOT_PASSWORD) create (DB_NAME)
但这需要比数据表操作更高权限的用户，在这个无关大局的脚本里去使用高权限的用户的密码，实在非我所愿。
其二，是我 google 来的，方法很巧，但很可惜，因为 foreign keys 的存在，运行这条命令会出错。
mysqldump -u (DB_USERNAME) -p(DB_PASSWORD) –add-drop-table –no-data (DB_NAME) | grep ^DROP | mysql -u (DB_USERNAME) -p(DB_PASSWORD) (DB_NAME)
<?php
define('MYSQL_SOCKET', '/path/to/mysql/socket');
define('DB_NAME', 'db_name');
define('DB_USERNAME', 'db_username');
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'db_password');
define('FILENAME_PREFIX', 'filename_prefix');
define('TEST_URL', 'http://test.domain/');
if ($handle = opendir(dirname(__FILE__))) {
$found = false;
/* This is the correct way to loop over the directory. */
while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) {
if (substr($file, 0, 12) == FILENAME_PREFIX && substr($file, -7) == '.sql.gz') {
if ($found) {
//compare which one is newer
if (filemtime($file) > filemtime($fileFound)) {
$fileFound = $file;
}
}
else {
$found = true;
$fileFound = $file;
}
}
}
if ($found) {
echo "Found the newest file $fileFound, and will work on it.\n";
try {
$pdo = new PDO(
'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=' . DB_NAME . ';unix_socket=' . MYSQL_SOCKET,
DB_USERNAME,
DB_PASSWORD,
array(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => "SET NAMES utf8")
);
echo "Connected to database.\n";
}
catch (Exception $e) {
die ("Error occurred when connecting to database. Quoting error message: " . $e->getMessage() . "\n");
}
$sql = 'SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0';
$pdo->prepare($sql)->execute();
/* query all tables */
$sql = "SHOW TABLES FROM ". DB_NAME;
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmtDale->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN, 0);
$magentoTableNames = array();
/* add table name to array */
foreach ($result as $tableName) {
if (substr($tableName, 0, 8) == 'magento_') {
$magentoTableNames[] = $tableName;
}
}
//drop all magento tables
$count = count($magentoTableNames);
if ($count > 0) {
$sql = 'DROP TABLE '. implode(',', $magentoTableNames);
$pdo->prepare($sql)->execute();
echo "Found and dropped $count magento tables.\n";
}
else {
echo "No existing magento tables found.\n";
}
//import data via pipe
echo "Importing data. It may take a while...\n";
$output = shell_exec("gunzip < $fileFound | mysql -h localhost -u " . DB_USERNAME . " -p" . DB_PASSWORD . " " . DB_NAME);
echo "Importing data completed.\n";
if ($output) {
echo "This is output during data import:\n$output\n";
}
//after import, change some data for test domains
$sql = 'UPDATE magento_core_config_data SET value=? WHERE scope=? AND scope_id=? AND path=?';
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$stmt->execute(array(TEST_URL, 'default', 0, 'web/unsecure/base_url'));
$stmt->execute(array(TEST_URL, 'default', 0, 'web/secure/base_url'));
$stmt->execute(array(TEST_URL, 'websites', 2, 'web/unsecure/base_url'));
$stmt->execute(array(TEST_URL, 'websites', 2, 'web/secure/base_url'));
echo "Config data changed to fit testing environment.\n";
echo "All missions completed.\n";
}
else {
echo "File not found. What else can I do?\n";
}
closedir($handle);
}
else {
echo "File access not permitted.\n";
}
We charge a fixed shipping rate for subtotal under a certain amount, and offer free shipping to orders over this threshold.
To achieve that, initially I created a shopping cart price rule in Magento promotions, and specified free shipping conditions and actions. Then I enabled Flatrate as a shipping method. This shipping method working in conjunction with the promotion rule served me well until I find it does not work for Google Checkout as a payment method.
Magento Googlecheckout always charges that fixed shipping rate regardless of the promotion rules. I assume it is a bug. To avoid the bug, I delete the free shipping promotion rule and enable Tablerates to replace Flatrate. I can not fix this bug. The bug exists in Magento 1.4.0.1. Giving time it might be fixed by Magento core team.
If you are googling “override abstract class in magento” to find my blog, probably you already tried Mage::getModel(‘module/model_abstract’) as it worked for instantiatable classes.
The scenario when requires override an abstract class is overriding isActive() method in Mage_Shipping_Model_Carrier_Abstract. If Mage_Shipping_Model_Carrier_Abstract can be overridden, all carrier methods’ isActive logic can be changed without changing each instantiatable class. However, whether Magento overriding mechanism can work has a prerequisite –
All instantiation of parent class (in Mage namespace, to be overridden) are using Mage::getModel(‘module/model_class’), or $layout->getBlock(‘module/block_class’), or Mage::helper(‘module/helper_class’) instead of new Class_Name(). This guarantees Mage is the single entry point of class instantiation, then Mage Config can always instantiate an overridden class if any.
The codes coming with Magento follow this rule to the maximum. But when it comes to class inheritance, the rule is broken. Say Mage_Class_A extends Mage_Abstract_B, Mage_Class_A makes reference to Mage_Abstract_B using normal php syntax. It means even if Mynamespace_Abstract_B is overriding Mage_Abstract_B, Mage_Class_A still inherit from Mage_Abstract_B.
Come back to the question: How to override abstract class in Magento? Use Mage_Shipping_Model_Carrier_Abstract for example, to override isActive() method, you need to override all chid classes, e.g. Mage_Shipping_Model_Carrier_Flatrate, Mage_Shipping_Model_Carrier_Freeshipping, Mage_Shipping_Model_Carrier_Tablerate, etc.
You may not satisfied with the answer simply because you do not want to override every carrier class. Let me raise the question again: Is there another way to override abstract class in Magento? Yes! Copy Mage_Shipping_Model_Carrier_Abstract from app/code/core/Mage/Shipping/Model/Carrier to app/code/local/Mage/Shipping/Model/Carrier, do NOT change the class name, just change or add the methods as you need. This is a trick. Magento loads a class from several locations, and app/code/local comes before app/code/core. That’s why it works.
By the way, if php_apc is running, you must force apc to refresh for new class created in include_path. Please refer to “when does php apc refresh cache data” for details.
I don’t know whether Magento did this on purpose. Both of category page and product page have a meta keywords attribute. Because meta keywords attribute of category or product belongs to EAV system, it has two entries in eav_attribute table, one for catalog_category (entity_type_id = 3) and one for catalog_product (entity_type_id = 4). However, if you look closely at attribute_code, you will find –
The cms_page also has meta keywords, but it does not belongs to EAV system. The field name is meta_keywords.
In summary, you won’t retrieve any meta keywords of a product if you write code like this:
Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->load($productId)->getData('meta_keywords');
Magento provide a beautiful GUI, which let you setup or change nearly everything. However, occasionally you prefer do it with php code. Here are a collection of codes for various functionalities. I will keep editing this post to add new methods.
Read if a product attribute is “Use Default Value” in a Store View:
Assume the storeview ID is $storeId, the product attribute code is $attributeCode;
$result = Mage::getModel(‘catalog/product’)->setStoreId($storeId)->getAttributeDefaultValue($attributeCode);
$result === false when the attribute IS “Use Default Value”;
$result === Mage::getModel(‘catalog/product’)->setStoreId(0)->getAttributeDefaultValue($attributeCode) when the attribute HAS storeview specific value.
Please note even if the attribute is “Yes/No” choice type, the attribute value is 1 or 0. So there is no conflict – when getAttributeDefaultValue returns false means “Use Default Value”; when it returns 0 means “default value is No”.
Read storeview specific value to a product attribute:
public function getAttributeOptionValue($optionId, $storeId = 0, $attributeId = null)
{
$valuesCollection = Mage::getResourceModel('eav/entity_attribute_option_collection')
->setStoreFilter($storeId, false)
->addFieldToFilter('main_table.option_id', $optionId)
->setAttributeFilter($attributeId);
return $valuesCollection->getFirstItem()->getValue();
}
CRUD manipulation on entity attributes, such as product attribute
All need to do is construct an array in the right structure, add to the attribute, and save. Do not operate on ‘eav/entity_attribute_option’ directly. It won’t work because relationship between table eav_attribute_option and eav_attribute_option_value is not set in this model.
Add options to attribute
$attribute = Mage::getModel('eav/entity_attribute')->loadByCode('catalog_product', $attributeCode);
$data = array(
'option' => array(
'value' => array(
$optionId => array(
$storeId => $value
)
)
)
);
$attribute->addData($data)->save();
Bear in mind, as this is to add a new option, you do not need to specify an actual $optionId. It can be any string which, if convert to number, must be 0. If $optionId’s numeric value is positive, and if that option does not exist or does not belong to the $attribute, it will throw exception like:
SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails.
You can construct an array with more than one option ID’s and store ID’s inside to add multiple options or give option values to multiple stores at a time.
Read options
$attribute = Mage::getModel('eav/entity_attribute')->loadByCode('catalog_product', $attributeCode);
$optionCollection = Mage::getResourceModel('eav/entity_attribute_option_collection')
->setStoreFilter($storeId, false)
->setAttributeFilter($attribute->getId());
foreach ($optionCollection as $option) {
echo $option->getValue();
}
The code is straight forward. I did not find another way retrieving options. I tried
$attribute->getOptions() and $attribute->getOption(). Neither worked.
Delete options
$attribute = Mage::getModel('eav/entity_attribute')->loadByCode('catalog_product', $attributeCode);
$data = array(
'option' => array(
'value' => array(
$optionId => ''
),
'delete' => array(
$optionId => 1
)
)
);
$attribute->addData($data)->save();
The tricky thing is: the $optionId to delete must exist in both ‘value’ and ‘delete’, although the value itself is not critical (because it will be deleted).
Update options
$attribute = Mage::getModel('eav/entity_attribute')->loadByCode('catalog_product', $attributeCode);
$data = array(
'option' => array(
'value' => array(
$optionId => array(
$storeId => $value
)
)
)
);
$attribute->addData($data)->save();
It is the same code as adding options. The difference is in $optionId. You need work out the existing option ID.
CRUD manipulation does not need to construct $data with the complete list of existing options. Any options not in $data is untouched.
It is my first time publish an Magento extension – Qian_Rcah. By default, Magento prevent root category from being shown at frontend, not to say use it as homepage. I do not see significant security leaks if showing root category. There are some benefits using root category as homepage:
Download RootCategoryAsHomepage.tar.gz
How to install:
Copy the whole “app” folder to magento/app. That’s it.
How to use:
Log in Magento backend, go to System -> Configuration -> General -> Web -> Default Pages, change “Default web URL” to “rcah” (default is cms). Besides of root category, this module can load an arbitrary category page as homepage. In this case, change “Default web URL” to “rcah/index/index/id/ARBITRARY_CATEGORY_ID”.
How is it created:
This module is created by koukou1985’s module creator (http://www.magentocommerce.com/wiki/custom_module_with_custom_database_table). Thanks to koukou1985.
How good is it:
This module does not override any Mage classes. It is safe to use with other extensions as long as namespace and module name do not conflict.
今天看到 magento 目录下的 sitemap.xml 的属主和属组分别是 root:root，属性是644，而这一台的 webserver 是以 apache:apache 身份运行的，所以我觉得很奇怪：
想了好一会明白过来，sitemap.xml 是 cron job 建的，crontab 这么写
*/10 * * * * /usr/bin/php -f /path/to/magento/cron.php
那么 sitemap.xml 归 root:root 所有就不奇怪了。
我想这样写会好些：
*/10 * * * * sudo -u apache -g apache /usr/bin/php -f /path/to/magento/cron.php
2010年6月29日更新：上行命令不对，设想在 cron job 里以 apache 身份运行 cron.php，但出错。正确的写法应该是：
*/10 * * * * su -c '/usr/bin/php -f /path/to/magento/cron.php' -s /bin/bash apache
互联网是一个很容易以讹传讹的地方，这大概是人们不满意 google 的地方，要搞个知识搜索取而代之。
最近金山毒霸和360杀毒口水之争，我无意关心了一把。看到被多家网站(包括人民网)转发的金山网盾再陷新的诚信危机“漏洞门”，其中提到
5月24日，中国国家信息安全漏洞库证实金山网盾存在一个高危的内核本地提权漏洞（国家漏洞库编号：CNVD-2010-00979），并公布了该漏洞利用相关细节。同一天，国外权威漏洞机构Secunia研究并收录了金山网盾这一漏洞，同时对该漏洞进行了自己的解释和归类（SA ID：SA39916)。国内外两大权威安全机构同时证实金山网盾存在高危漏洞，把此前一直高调否认软件有漏洞的金山公司置于非常尴尬的境地。
我好奇了一下，上 cnvd 和 secunia 去查了一下，CNVD-2010-00979 和 SA ID：SA39916 讲的是多个供应商”rpc.pcnfsd”整数溢出漏洞，跟金山网盾无关，真不知道这个刹有其事的报导从何而来。
虽然CNVD-2010-00979 跟金山网盾无关，但我有感觉无风不起浪，因为这是在 cnvd 上搜索金山网盾的结果：
但实际查看被缓存的页面却什么也没有：
或许 cnvd 只把详细信息公开给了 google spider；或许这其中有太多的内幕是我们常人无法知道的……